IGF-1 is one of the markers researchers track because it carries many of the downstream effects on tissue, muscle, and metabolism
A double-blind crossover study by Poortmans and Francaux (N=18, 1999) found that 5 g/day of creatine monohydrate raised urinary creatinine excretion significantly without any change in creatinine clearance, inulin clearance, or tubular reabsorption markers, confirming the elevation is a production artifact, not a filtration failure
Anand I, Chandrashekhan Y, De Giuli F, Pasini E, Mazzoletti A, Confortini R, Ferrari R (1998) Acute and chronic effects of propinoyl-L-carnitine on the hemodynamics, exercise capacity, and hormones in patients with congestive heart failure
Acetyl-L-Carnitin ist eine spezielle Form von L-Carnitin, einer krpereigenen Verbindung, die an verschiedenen Stoffwechselprozessen beteiligt ist