Bioavailability via the subcutaneous route is estimated at 60-80% based on analogous GH-axis peptide data, though no dedicated human bioavailability study for IGF-1 LR3 specifically has been published in peer-reviewed literature [1]
Consequently, we turned to the LOX pathway of AA and found a complex tissue-specific interaction between LOX and GPX4 (Brutsch et al., 2016)
However, it is crucial to emphasize that all data supporting this rationale derive from in vitro cell culture studies, in vivo animal experiments in rats and swine, and mechanistic extrapolation from established neuroendocrine physiology
PLoS One 8:e61271 Kim HG, Yoo SR, Park HJ, Son CG (2013) Indirect moxibustion (CV4 and CV8) ameliorates chronic fatigue: a randomized, double-blind, controlled study